Charlie Walker
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Cambodia and Vietnam

6/10/2011

13 Comments

 
PictureVillage children in jungle near Angkor Wat, Cambodia
Location: Nanning, Guanxi Province, China
Day 461
Miles on the clock: 16,265

Leaving Bangkok. Leaving crowds. Leaving chaotic streets. The small back roads to Cambodia were rutted and quiet. One last night in a Thai monastery. I was left to my own devices and shared a simple rice breakfast with the monks while two cats, both bald in patches, and one limping, stalked each other around a heap of laundry.

PictureMonk holding a butterfly near Angkor Wat, Cambodia
The border was congested with tourists sweating their way slowly along the immigration queue. A 4ft wide tree grew through the floor of the building and disappeared through an opening in the roof. The queue diminished, my passport was stamped and the throng of tourists boarded buses. The road was quiet, mine, when I pedalled on and into a country very visibly poorer than neighbouring Thailand. The tarmac was loose and the lines faded. Unkempt verges and overgrown fields. I wondered if unexploded landmines from the 1970s civil war still lay in this area. Mental note: be careful when camping.

The roadside villagers waved more enthusiastically than in Thailand and their houses were of wood and thatch, not brick, tile and plaster. Men wobbled by with up to four live and squealing pigs mounted in wicker racks on their motorbikes. A night in a monastery at the end of a flooded mud track included a barrage of loud, angry words from the typically grumpy head monk and a half hour lecture in Khmer (Cambodia's language) from the village idiot.

Picture
Some of the 216 carved faces that adorn the Bayon temple, Cambodia
PicturePart of Ta Prohm temple, Cambodia
Siem Reap is the first major town I reach and is the staging post for Angkor Wat and the surrounding ancient temple complexes that attract two million visitors a year. The town is typically touristic: bars, cafés, guesthouses, tauts. One young boy in ragged clothes tried to sell me the same book (which I explained I had already read) three separate times in one day. After the third time I declined, he pronounced me a "stinky guy" and stormed off. That evening I went into an internet café and found the same urchin sat at the computer next to me spending his meagre day's earnings on an hour of watching Youtube videos. He saw me looking and told me that I "still stink". It may have been true before but this time I had just showered.

I bought a three-day pass for the temples and passed the first two with a French student called Charles who is half-Japanese. We enjoyed eavesdropping on large tour groups from Japan; the guides instructions, as if to a school class, about where and when to regroup; their conversations often about who hasn't yet been photographed next to a particular mundane object.

Built in the 12th-century, Angkor Wat itself is the largest temple in the world (indeed, the largest religious structure). The size, detail and age of the thing are overwhelming. The amount of (likely slave) labour it would have required to build, and the empire-generated wealth are sobering considerations. An astonishingly intricate relief frieze depicting 11,000 figures runs around one of the enclosing walls and every surface has acquired a thin covering of moss, shimmering emerald in the piercing sunlight and rendering everything impossibly picturesque. Picturesque, that is, if it wasn't for the milling, swilling hordes of tourists toting Canons or Nikons with foot-long lenses. Groups of 50 or more, often in matching t-shirts and/or baseball caps, congest every doorway and walkway. The perilously-steep ancient steps (18 inches high and as little as 5 inches deep) present these groups with a quarter-hour obstacle which, to the spectator, competes in interest with the surrounding architectural treasures. Mercifully, at lunchtime, the groups melt away to eat, leaving silence and steamy heat in their wake. Dodging the crowds became an artform and involved visiting minor temples during peak hours as the package groups, in their air-conditioned, window-tinted coaches, have no interest in places not on their fly-by checklist.

Picture
A corner of Angkor Wat, Cambodia
PictureTree growing through Ta Prohm temple, Cambodia
Charles and I made an excursion into the dense jungle, that eagerly encroaches on the temples, and found a different world just 70 yards from the freshly paved road. Bamboo villages; a lost chunk of ancient brickwork wallowing in long grass; a woman scratching the head of a buffalo calf; a cockerel, bent on satisfaction, lustily scattering a distraught clutch of hens; barefoot boys playing football with a hollowed coconut. We sat with one group of small children who seemed to have never had contact with a tourist before. They live just 200 yards from one of the world's most visited tourist attractions.

The temple of Ta Prohm is very literally being swallowed by the jungle. Mighty trees straddle 900-year-old crumbling buildings while their swelling roots snake their way slowly and inevitably through walls, casually edging aside half-tonne blocks of masonry in their thirsty quest for the fertile earth below. We climbed up a toppled stack of stones, navigating the mossy jags, and perched atop a tilting wall, older than the Magna Carta, overlooking a cut off courtyard of the complex. The sun dipped, the greenery intensified in the enriched light and the whole crumbling, glowing scene achieved an impossibly photogenic appearance; a peaceful melancholia.

The temples, great and small, are scattered everywhere. Cycling from one to another, a visitor might come across four or five anonymous stacks of stone or brick that have survived for a millennium or more. This amazed me at first but then I considered the early 13th-century church in  my childhood village which is not only still standing, but still in use. Why shouldn't equally old, or older, structures survive in South East Asia? I think the surprising aspect is the way these astounding buildings have been abandoned to decay. A short-lived empire falls, its gods and religious practices fall with it. Arguably the most ambitious architectural achievement the world had ever seen is left to the jungle while another transient empire is founded with the vow to out-glory the previous. These are the games and occupations of kings and priests while normal people continue their existence in the same place, under whichever power happens to sit atop a self-aggrandising stack or stones in a far off place.

Back on the road. To Phnom Penh and a different type of history. Less ancient and awe-inspiring, more recent and incomprehensibly brutal. Cambodia's capital was evacuated on April 17th 1975 when the Khmer Rouge defeated the government forces ending a five-year civil war. The city's entire population was instantly relocated into the villages and set to work, slaves to the existing villagers who now enjoyed relative privileges. Educated or urban citizens were to be re-educated to a rural, communist way of life to establish "Year Zero" in a pure agrarian society with no currency, cities, conflict or meddling foreigners.
Picture
Skulls of victims at the Choeng Ek Genocide Museum, Cambodia
PictureSign at Choeng Ek "Killing Field", Cambodia
Everyone worked in the rice fields, wore standard issue clothing (black trousers and shirts) and was supposedly provided with food and shelter by the ruling "Angkar" (base). Unfortunately, peace required guns to enforce it. These were brought from China with precious rice produced by the already starving population. Peace required soldiers to inflict it, and these were largely uneducated and indoctrinated village boys. Peace required the arrest, interrogation, torture and murder of anyone suspected of being "Bourgeois". Having fair skin, soft hands, a foreign language, and even wearing spectacles were seen as proof that you hadn't spent a life toiling in the fields for the greater good and were therefore eligible for a fractured skull and a shallow mass grave. Estimates of the death toll of the Khmer Rouge regime between '75 and '79 range from 1,500,000 to 3,300,000. The national population in 1975 was only 8,000,000.

Administration broke down, people disappeared and we will never know the whole truth. Mass graves are still being unearthed today, adding to the 19,500 already discovered. Only one of the Kymer Rouge's leading cadres has been tried and sentenced (in July 2010). Pol Pot, the mysterious orchestrator and face of the party, died peacefully under house arrest in 1998, aged 73.

PictureHuman teeth on ground by mass grave, Cambodia
In the emptied capital, a school was converted into the infamous Tuol Sleng S-21 prison for political dissidents. In four years, 14,000 people were interrogated and tortured here before being transported outside the city for execution. When the Vietnamese invasion liberated the city in 1979, the prison guards fled and the mutilated remains of S-21's last 14 victims were found in various states of gore in the torture chambers. Walking through the rooms where horror once reigned, I was struck by the perversity of using a school for such inhumanity. In the "interrogation rooms" the bed frames and chains are still where they were found and (thankfully grainy) photographs of the final corpses as they were discovered are displayed in the respective rooms. The images still feature clearly in my mind and I can only imagine being locked in one of the 2ft by 5ft cells, hearing screams and helplessly awaiting my turn. The repetitive museum exhibition gave several facts and showed plenty of photographs but was hopelessly unable to explain how or why.

The prisoners from S-21 were taken 10 miles outside the city to Choeng Ek for execution and burial in mass graves. Ammunition was in short supply so guards killed with blows to the head from farming implements or used the jagged edge of a palm branch to decapitate their victims. When one grave was exhumed, the bodies of 80 small children were found who had been  held by the feet and swung, head-first, against a nearby tree ("The Killing Tree") on which a dark, stained dent is still visible 30 years on. Choeng Ek "killing field" is an area of only about 250 yards squared. 80 of 126 graves have been exhumed and 15,000 of an estimated 19,000 bodies have been found. Everytime it rains, more remains emerge from the sandy earth. Human teeth are dotted about and protruding bones are visible everywhere. As at S-21, the "Genocide Centre" museum has facts (few and often repeated) but no explanation. I think the country as a whole has tried to move on and many see the past as a horror story rather than history.

One positive, which possibly results from these unthinkable atrocities, is a national desire to improve. I felt a real sense of industry and people genuinely seemed intent on progressing. The lethargy of neighbouring countries is less here. Less people sleep the day through in hammocks and less people passively watch the world go by. However, on how the killers and victims were all Cambodian citizens and now live side-by-side, John Keay writes in his book Mad About the Mekong:
The unbearable burden of recall placed on survivors of a conventional holocaust would be a relief to the survivors of a self-inflicted genocide. With no one to blame but themselves, Cambodians seem still to teeter on the edge of a pre-dug grave, restrained only by the presence of international agencies and the promise of foreign investment. The trees trill with the deafening protest of unseen insects. The earth smells of blood. Seeing the country as other than the site of a holocaust proves nigh impossible.

PictureVillage children playing in rice paddy, Cambodia
I was delayed for a while in Phnom Penh while my visa application trickled through China's fickle system. I walked through the colonial quarter and along the riverside, visited night markets and day markets, read books and researched the road ahead. One night I was walking down a dark alley when a motorbike passed carrying three men. A figure leaped out of the shadows and pulled the hindmost passenger roughly to the floor. The motorbike sped off; the floored man jumped to his feet and was punched in the jaw before he could start fleeing. As he did so, about 20 figures emerged quickly from the shadows all around me and gave chase. Most looked under 20-years-old and one who ran close by me was wielding a sturdy, wooden table leg. Within 30 seconds, everything was silent again and I continued my walk.

The visa was finally approved and I began my last stretch of Cambodian roads. Simple villages; flat landscapes; children splashing around in flooded brown streams surrounded by lime-green rice paddies; a crowd of 17 young monks watching, transfixed, as I prepare dinner on my camping stove; the same young monks churlishly competing in vociferousness during a late night prayer chant; a large hairy spider (the same species I ate fried in Siem Reap) jumping out of my shorts as I dress in the morning; carts of firewood drawn by horses with red tassels similar to those of the Roma gypsies; temperatures of 30°C by 7.30am; short but powerful tropical storms.

Having already lost ten days of my one-month, fixed-date visa, I entered Vietnam prepared for long days with my head down. I had a race to reach China before my visa expired and I'm ashamed to admit that I was mentally absent for the majority of my time in the country. The culture slipped me by and I was unreceptive to the language (which, amazingly, seems to be constructed of little more than six tones and about 12 syllables). I had been in South East Asia for five months and its heat and humidity had worn me thin. I closed my cultural eyes for the final leg back to China where cooler weather awaited.

PictureSpider that was in my shorts one morning, Cambodia
In this mindset, Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) didn't excite me much. An impressively cavernous colonial post office stands next to Notre Dame Cathedral and the usual tourist hub had the same concentration of backpackers as all major cities in the region. Walking through this area, dense with westerners, left me feeling isolated and lonely. I receded further into myself and hit the road. The time constraint made the coastal National Highway 1 my only option. The kilometer markers began outside the city and began counting down the 1900km to the Chinese border. I started to re-question why I am on this journey and what it is proving.

I largely looked ahead; in a metaphorical sense as well as a necessarily literal one as Vietnam has 25 million motorbikes and their drivers are partial to zipping down the wrong side of the road. I covered 80-110 miles daily, often camped in graveyards, the only places not water-logged, and enjoyed a rich red sunrise most mornings. Suncream quickly ran off with an excess of sweat so my skin burned, bubbled and blistered before burning anew.

The Buddhist temples I had seen so often in Laos, Cambodia and Thailand were nowhere to be found. War and communism largely removed religion but a surprising amount of large churches line the road in the South. People lay, inert, in hammocks while their goods (rice, wheat, husks, seafood shells, seaweed) lay spread out, drying on the tarmac's edge. Red national flags flap and snap everywhere while the communist hammer and sickle adorn most walls.

Picture"Victorians crossing", Vietnam
The roadside landscape varied from long, deserted stretches of beach (doubtlessly soon to be colonised by tourism) to dunes populated by aggressive looking cactii, to the rolling feet of sudden mountains, thickly clad in rich vegetation. I ate dog meat on several occasions and found it greasy, fatty and tasty. I still struggle to see how this is in anyway more morally reprehensible than eating chicken or rabbit. In one village I saw a small, naked child sitting on top of a large brown cow, swaying casually as the beast lumbered forward. The child looked shocked to see me and I realised that, even in this situation, I was the oddity.

I saw white people daily; their snoring visages, a glimpsed image, as their sleeper buses ferry them, hungover, from one party beach to the next. I felt further isolated.
Possibly because the country's recent emergence as a party destination, and the plane loads of 19-year-old Australians on a two-week bender, the local people on the coast were surprisingly indifferent. As in every country I have visited, I met plenty of kind people who bought me meals, gave me drinks, opened conversations and offered me a bed or a shower. However, more than in any other country I have visited, I encountered unfriendliness too. One van, honking and swerving while beside me on an otherwise empty road, threatened to force me off the paving. Later, I saw it again, pulled over on the roadside with the driver and passenger (both young men) laughing at me. One tried to punch me as I passed. They soon caught up with me and overtook again, this time actually nudging my pannier and nearly knocking me over. My temper almost boiled over but the car had sped off and what could I do?

Picture
Village haystacks in morning mist, Vietnam
I had a stone thrown at me for the first time since Eastern Turkey. Every time I bought something I had to laboriously haggle the price down to the actual cost. Everytime I paid I wouldn't be given my change until I sternly demanded it. One roadside restaurant had a menu with two sides. One had the dishes in Vietnamese and the prices. The other side was identical but translated in English and with the prices doubled. Everyone wanted a piece of my wallet. Maybe it is a result of the war and the assumption that I'm American.
Picture
View from a campsite, Vietnam
PictureBoats in a Southern harbour, Vietnam
I had become travel fatigued and was struggling to avoid a negative outlook. I had lost my sense of wonder. Daily downpours slowed me down and as I rode through their aftermath, eddies of steam swirling lazily in my wake, I knew the monsoon was soon going to catch me. I forced myself to take a break in the touristic old colonial town of Hoi An. A shower, a bed, a beach and some decent conversation somewhat restored me. I met Michi from Bavaria who had spent the last couple of weeks touring the mountains on a motorbike. One night he shouted over some loud music in a drunken snap decision: "I think I will sell my motorbike, miss my flight home, and cycle to Beijing with you."

A couple of days later Michi went ahead to Hanoi to apply for a Chinese visa. I got back on the road in light rain which fortified as the day drew on. I came to a four mile tunnel where cyclists and motorcyclists must put their bikes on a truck and take a bus. Here I met Paul, a Dutch motorcyclist who drove through the rain for 40 miles while I cruised alongside, clutching a strap on his backpack.

Picture
Students cycling home after school, Vietnam
PictureEvening in Halong Bay, Vietnam
I rejoined Michi in Hanoi and, while his visa was pending, we booked a three-day budget tour of Halong Bay; a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The scenery was truly stunning. 2,000 limestone karsts shoot out of a perfectly calm sea. Caves and tunnels lead to hidden bays ringed with high rock walls. Light mist caused a beautifully layered effect as the variously distant karsts adopted different hues of blue while the day drew to a close. We slept on an anchored Chinese junk one night and enjoyed an idyllic afternoon diving off and swimming around the boat. However, the apathy towards tourists reached a new level here. The boat's crew cruelly rationed food, shattered the peace with melodramatic soap operas on full volume (refusing to turn it down) and even tried to fine me for swimming after sunset. When we boarded the bus back to Hanoi, a Dutch couple were curtly informed that their pre-paid inclusive return journey was no longer valid. The Dutchman was having none of this and bodily wrestled his way through the door and past the driver who, enraged, fetched a hefty adjustable spanner and advanced down the aisle, weapon raised, until until someone swiftly disarmed him in the nick of time.

Picture
Halong Bay, Vietnam
Back in Hanoi, Michi's Chinese visa had been rejected. He took his original flight back to Bangkok to try there and I set off for China with no time to spare on my Vietnamese visa. I rode through four days of ceaseless rain and camped for three nights of the same. Luckily, the night a typhoon ripped through the region, a metal worker took me in and we feasted on roast duck and rice liquor while the storm sickeningly flexed and unflexed the corrugated roof and the walls literally swayed. The road was exclusively uphill and downhill. It included an 80-mile continuous climb which would have been among beautiful scenery if any of it was visible through the mist.

I entered China with only a few hours remaining on my Vietnam visa. Despite my general sogginess, crossing the border felt like a breath of fresh air. I was back in the moment. Life was good again. It felt like a land of opportunity and I was freshly arrived. I reached the provincial capital of Nanning and began to dry out myself and my kit. An email from Michi arrived saying he would have to wait ten days for a visa due to a Chinese national holiday. He had tossed a coin to decide whether he would wait and come to China or board his flight back to Germany. The coin had come up heads. He would wait and was happy with the outcome. It was only afterwards that he realised the coin (a Thai 10 Baht piece) had a head on both sides.

I will continue north and Michi and I plan to join forces in the town of Guilin a few days from now.
13 Comments
peter hardy
6/10/2011 05:38:08 am

I have good memories of Ta Prohm . Inspiring place , but how long will it survive?

Reply
Henry
6/10/2011 10:54:56 am

Dear Charlie,

Well Done! Another good read, as ever.A pity that you couldn't have a more joyous time in Vietnam(i have fond memories of the place), but sounds like China is more your thing.
Wishing you a good ride through ineffable China and good times with Michi - sounds like you too are 'building bridges' with the Fatherland. Deutschland, Deutschland, frieheit, rechtigkeit, da, da , da .....
Liebe Grusse,
Cousin 'H'.

Reply
Tomo H
6/10/2011 06:26:06 pm

Charlie,

I'd follow Henry in saying that I am so sorry to hear that you had a bad experience of Vietnam. Of all of the countries that I visit in Asia, I've found it to be one of the most welcoming and friendly.

Anyway, you're on the road to Beijing and if I remember correctly, something that awaits your arrival.

Hope the Jonny Bealby book went down well.

You'll be amused to hear that I have signed up for my next 'century' race in.....Angkor Wat.

All the best, T

Reply
Mark Brayne
7/10/2011 02:27:08 pm

Terrific read and writing, Charlie. Riveting, and somewhat dispiriting in what you say about Vietnam. Heading your way next year, definitely. By bike to Moscow, then after flight to Beijing, down the coast to Vietnam. Your experiences ringing in the awareness...

Mark (Brayne)

Reply
Harry
9/10/2011 12:44:20 pm

Charlie, well done for getting that blog out. It can't have been an easy one to write and I'm sorry to hear that you've encountered some random violence from comets strangers - those bastards in the van will no doubt get their come upance one day so don't spare them another thought as people like that simply aren't worth it.
Michi sounds like a good guy and its comforting for us back at home to hear that you've got a companion for a while after a rather unpleasant, wet and rushed journey through Vietnam. Surely it will be healthy to have a partner in crime for this next leg - the old saying 'two heads think better than one' sprung to mind when reading how he decided to join you!
Keep your mind open and your spirits up and your expedition will seamlessly return to the joyous level that it has been before the past few weeks/months.
Lots of love,
Harry x

Reply
Nicholas
13/10/2011 08:46:42 am

Well done Charlie! As with other commentators, our experience of Vietnam could not have been more different from your's and we were sorry to read that you had such a poor time. I hope it was just bad luck plus bike-lag but you doubtless feel otherwise! Anyway I'll e mail you next week with an update from deepest Oxfordshire.

Keep pedalling...

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paul fowler
11/11/2011 08:29:03 am

It has been fascinating following you. God speed to you and good luck. We make 'em tough at Sasndroyd!!

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